Beşiktaş

Founded in 1903 as a gymnastics club, Besiktas are the oldest of Istanbul's three major sporting institutions. The black-and-white team represent the Besiktas district on the European shore of the Bosphorus and are known as Kara Kartallar, the Black Eagles. Their home is Tupras Stadium, built on the historic Inonu site beside Dolmabahce Palace and opened in its modern form in 2016.

Besiktas have won 16 officially recognised Turkish championships, 11 Turkish Cups and 10 Turkish Super Cups. Gordon Milne's team completed the 1991-92 league season unbeaten, the centrepiece of three consecutive titles built on organisation and attacking balance. Across different eras, the club have cultivated a reputation for intense pressing, vocal home support and a strong connection between senior players and the terraces.